Symptoms and treatment of varicose veins on the legs

Varicosis is a scourge of our time.According to clinical research, about half of the entire population suffers on the planet on one or the other form of pathological disorders of the circulatory vascular system.Women in their physiological properties are more susceptible to diseases.Their number is up to 40% of the total number of patients.While men are exposed to this pathology of blood vessels in only 20% of the cases.

Most of the time, people in the middle age group (30 to 40 years) and older people suffer from the venous blood circulation.The first disease concerns the lower limbs.

The symptoms and the treatment of varicose veins on the legs are closely connected and ensure a preventive examination of blood vessels to select the correct therapy.

Clinical picture

A functional disorder of venous blood flow arises due to the damage to the valves of the peras, the overload and deformation of which the valves of the perforated veins (compounds).When the work of deep (inner) arteries is disturbed, the blood circulation becomes chaotic, which leads to its recording and formation of characteristic nodes.Not intended to transport such a strong blood flow, thin veins are stretched and form the vascular balls and the notorious blue "snakes" (changing veins that appear to the skin surface).Such defects are clearly visible to the exposure or the scanning of the destruction point.

Varicose veins belong to progressive pathologies that are affected with healthy complications and disabilities without timely treatment.Depending on the severity of the condition of patients with blood vessels, different blood excursion is different manifestations and is expressed by an increase in intellectual pressure and the appearance of an excessive tiredness of the legs, the swelling, the severity of the feet and the ankles, regular cramps.In advanced cases of varicose veins in places with vascular damage, wounds, ulcers and blood clots are possible.

The varicose is primary and secondary.In addition to the lower extremities, the place of dislocation of the disease is also the stomach, esophagus, pelvic organs, testicles, seed cables, penis, large intestine.In the event of a violation of the blood flow deep veins, pathology is quite difficult, which means that the walls of the blood vessels weaken, the inner cave of the arteries and the transition of the disease into a chronic form (venous insufficiency) are expanded.The earlier the varicose veins are diagnosed, the higher the chances of recovery and the risk of pathological complications.

Because of what is being formed

The causes of venous expansion are different factors.They can traditionally be divided into fundamental and secondary ones.The main sources for varicose veins are:

• Constant severe physical exertion;
• Long stay with a static position - sitting or standing;
• Unwanted environmental conditions - for example, high air temperature, for example;
• Body weight fluctuations or chronic obesity;
• Hormonal imbalance - a time of pregnancy or menopause;
• Diseases of the endocrine system;
• Early disposition, which is manifested in the characteristics of the structure of blood vessels, namely the innate anatomical inferiority of the venous flaps and the weakness of the connective tissue of the artery walls;
• Neuroses.

In addition, an indirect dysfunction of the vascular system is indirectly caused by: Can: Can:

1. Systematically repeated tensions that influence the state of arteries and nerve endings, which leads to an increase in pressure and elasticity;
2. Courses of professional sports with the most important focus on the lower limbs - increase in the bar, long -established run, etc.;
3. Wear uncomfortable clothing and shoes - one thing that is closely defined in the pelvis and legs, narrow and high shoes in the area;
4. Previously transmitted injuries to the lower extremities (fractures);
5. An older age at which the functionality of epithelial cells contributes to the weakening of the walls of the veins contributes to the valves and contributes to an increase in the internal artery volume.

In history, the development of varicose veins is usually not stimulated by one, but by a complex of factors.

Symptoms of the disease

Varicose veins can have a variety of manifestations that depend on the degree of complexity of the pathology and the physiological properties of the patient's body.In accordance with the stages of the varicose veins, the following symptoms of blood vessels are found:

• Venous patterns or "stars" (telangioectasia) on the skin;

• Swelling of the limbs, especially at the end of the day;
• Pain in the legs or along the veins when they feel;
• Periodically repeated cramps;
• Fatigue, especially when hiking;
• Visual manifestation of veins on the skin surface;
• Feeling of heaviness in the legs;
• Burn at places of the lesion of veins;
• Muscle itching;
• Pain of different nature and pain;
• The formation of fidgeting veins in the area of the legs and feet;
• Dermatological changes in the skin - the appearance of dryness, pigmentation, darkening;
• Development of dermatitis, eczema and trophic disorders in the form of non -healing wounds and ulcers;
• Skin compression in places to progress varicose veins;
• The formation of hematoma.

Rarely, but sometimes it happens the break from Venous knots and the appearance of subcutaneous bleeding.In this case, the situation requires medical emergency care and surgical intervention.

The symptoms can manifest themselves from youth.The development imperceptibly, after a while the disease makes itself unpleasant consequences for health due to a mass.If there is at least one from the above characters, an exam should be subjected to immediately.Heals patients with a phlebologist or surgeon.

classification

Based on the decision of the International Scientists, the pathological expansion of the veins of the lower extremities according to the special classifier of anatomy pathology of CAP or clinical etiology is common.Based on this typology, varicose veins have 6 clinical stadiums:

1. Zero.Significant subjective symptoms of the patient about some of the symptoms of varicose veins are determined, but when visual examination and medical examination, there are no obvious signs of the disease.
2. I degree.Small vessel nets, rare edema, heavy, combustion, a feeling of "buzzing" appear in the legs on the skin surface.
3. II degree.It is considered the starting point of the real varicose veins.It is characterized by an external clear manifestation of enlarged vessels, the formation of venous knots that tighten in a static state or with high walks after a long stay.The thrombosis is observed from this stage.
4. III degree.The symptoms of the second group are accompanied by regular swelling, which at the end of the day lead most clearly and pull painful pain in calves.
5. IV degree.Trophic changes in the skin are observed.Due to the excessive accumulation in the epidermis of the pigment, the skin begins to change its color from dark brown to black.It is also possible to develop small local inflammation in the form of erythema or wet wounds, which leads to atrophy of the dermis and ulcers over time.
6. V Grad.It has the same course as the fifth stage, but with the acquired trophic ulcers.
7. VI graduation.It is characterized by a difficult progression with the formation of non -sacred wounds and ulcers.

Varicose veins are serious.Without timely treatment and constant prevention progress, progress and leads to irreversible consequences and serious consequences until death.The diagnosis of varicose veins is only 10 years, so that the pathology from the 1st stage develops in the VI-YU.

Complications

The effect of varicose veins on the body is extremely negative.If the disease does not manifest itself in any way at the beginning and only causes rare complaints and insignificant cosmetic defects, the pathology becomes a pronounced character in the later stages and leads to serious health consequences in the long term.Changes occur on a lower level and influence the body's entire functional system.

As a result of the reflux disorder and stagnation of venous blood in the arteries, the access of blood, which is saturated with oxygen and organs, slows down, and causes oxygen hunger and as a result hypoxia.At the same time, the pressure in the arteries grows and expands and increases the venous channel ships in the volume.In the body, toxins accumulate by products of the metabolism in the body, which causes skin inflammation (dermatitis) and the pathological state of the subcutaneous tissue (cellulit).Irrversible changes occur in the walls.

The greatest danger of varicose veins is the complications against their background.The most common and most common consequences of an impaired reflux are:

• The swelling of the lower extremities that become constant and do not pass even after a long break;
• Static pain in the legs of different intensity;
• Fights of muscle cramps that increase in their frequency;
• Constant tiredness and severity in the legs;
• Increased weakness and body temperature;
• The development of dermatitis that manifests itself in the form of an itchy rash;
• Chronic skin inflammation (eczema);
• The formation of open trophic ulcers;
• Severe arterial bleeding during the injury due to an impaired blood clotting;
• Thickening (accumulation) in areas of the blood veins and the formation of blood clots that clog the inner space of a sick container;
• Phlebet trombosis;
• Thickening of the subcutaneous fat;
• Hyperpigmentation of the skin;
• Bleeding of cramp nodes;
• Thrombophlebitis - inflammation of the inner walls of the veins.

Without proper treatment, the pathology constantly demonstrates and goes into a permanent state, which leads to chronic venous insufficiency and lung arteries -Hromboembolism. The latter refers to extremely serious complications and is suddenly died.But even in an unaggrogen situation, varicose veins are enormous and significantly reduce the overall quality of the patient's life.

Pathology in men

The pathology of the veins has no gender.After the pathogenesis, however, the disease is limited into male and female varicose veins, with its own peculiarities of education and development that are inherent in each of them.Therefore, the characteristics of male physiology do not contribute to the formation of representatives of the strong half of the humanity problems with the veins, but there are a number of factors that are cheap for this.Below:

1. Hard physical work or professional sport in connection with the wear or the buoyancy of the load;
2. Sitting lifestyle;

3. Bad nutrition;
4. Genetic tendency;
5. Longer use of hormonal medication;
6. Bad habits.

At the age of 40, varicose develops more frequently in men and is accompanied by increased fat activity of the legs, lower legs, visible edema, venous patterns on the skin surface, frequent cramps and skin itching through the type of allergic dermatitis.In some advanced cases, blood clots and vascular infection are possible.And if the disease is initially invisible, your manifestations become obvious over time.However, the main changes occur in the veins, the walls of which are so weak that the effect of toxic substance or infection causes their damage.The technology for the treatment of varicose veins in men is the same as for women and has no specific features.

Pathology in women

The beautiful half of the population suffers several times from varicose veins than men.Cheap factors for this are:

• Wearing shoes with a high whip or selected, not according to the size and abundance of his leg;
• Pull or excessively closely adapted clothing that prevents normal blood circulation;
• The work that requires all day on his feet is a seller, administrator at the reception, hairdresser, teacher, cook, etc.;
• Hormonal changes due to pregnancy, birth and age conversion of the body (menopause);
• Experiments with weight - frequent fluctuations in body weight, extreme diets that aim at sharp weight loss, uncontrolled amount of additional pounds.

They are women who are often patients of phlebologists and cosmetics.In order to preserve the aesthetic appearance of the skin as long as possible, the women are more responsible for the treatment of varicose veins than for men and achieve visible improvements in the clinical state of the arterial system.

In view of the increased natural tendency towards varicose veins, the occurrence of symptoms such as swelling of the legs, excessive legs, itching and burning, the manifestation of small vessels and the venous pattern are seriously alerting a woman and becoming a reason for an immediate visit to the doctor.

Diagnosis of the disease

Special research methods are used in order to diagnose varicose veins and determine the severity.The standard examination scheme when accessing a phlebologist consists of the following method:

1. Collecting anamnesis of the disease that determine the possible risk factors and causes;
2. Visual examination of the patient by changing the last position and palpation of the lesion lesion veins;
3. Laboratory blood test;
4. Ultrasound -colored duplex synography of the arteries of the lower extremities, which makes it possible to correctly carry out a medical opinion, to measure the speed and direction of the blood flow, to create a map of its movement, to get a characteristic and a clear picture of blood vessels;
5. Vessel X -Ray (phlebography) using a contrast matter to determine the appearance and shape of the veins, the functional skills of the flaps and the direction of bleeding.

These research methods are often sufficient to determine the exact clinic.In certain cases, however, you use the use of additional diagnostic methods:

• Three -dimensional CT (computer tomography) with phlebography;
• Photopletismography that provides for the use of infrared and light radiation of a photoresistor or phototransistor;
• Phleboscintography based on the use of radionuclidisotopes and phlebometry, dynamic examination of the venous pressure of the lower extremities;
• Lymphoscintigraphy shows the condition and degree of change in lymph nodes.

The need to use a certain diagnostic method is determined by the doctor based on the complexity of the situation and the individual clinical indicators of the patient.

A research method, which is carried out in a timely manner and competently selected, enables you to determine the position of surface and deep veins and to form a precise scheme of the therapeutic course in accordance with the indicators.

Conservative treatment

In the early stages, the veins of varicose veins are completely eliminated and with a responsible approach to treatment.In other cases, you can use conservative therapy to combat extended veins using medication, intravenous correction medication and special compression lines.Each of this type of treatment has its own signs of the appointment and details of exposure to the sick body.

1. Pharmaceutical therapy.It implies oral use during a certain period of phlebet drugs -phlebotonics, anticoagulants and antioxidants -that contribute to strengthening blood vessels and reduce their brittleness, reduce the thinning of blood and the normalization of blood flow, remove the accumulated poisonous substances from the body.Tonic, painkillers, calming and removing edema of gel and ointments are used for local treatment.B vitamins are also introduced into the therapeutic complex, K etc.The decision on the treatment period is made in accordance with the results of the diagnosis and type of dynamics of the disease.
2. Sclerotherapy of the arteries.The method includes the use of special medications that glue the affected varicose veins from the inside.As a result, reflux is stabilized and already carried out in healthy vessels.The procedure is carried out invasively by intravenous administration of the solution.It is prescribed with a certain state of blood vessels and small sizes venous knots.
3. Ozonotherapy.It is part of cosmetic medicine and consists of the influence of a cold ozone vessel on the interior of the vessel to glue the defect site.In addition, the method is actively used to remove an aesthetic vascular network from the skin surface.Effective in the early stages of the disease.Only a few procedures are sufficient to achieve the desired result.
4. Compression therapy.It consists of a special medical linen that creates a pressure of different intensity on different parts of the legs, which in turn helps to reduce the load on the veins and restore the blood circulation.The constant use of correction underwear protects the vessels from stretching and developing thrombosis.As intended, the compression underwear is prevented (minimal compression force), therapeutic (only used during the reinforcement of the Veinose) and the hospital (used in the hospital in the postoperative period).It is produced in the form of tights, stockings, golfs and an elastic association.The compression lines are only selected on the recommendation of a doctor.

These therapy methods have a high level of effectiveness in uncomplicated forms of varicose veins of the lower extremities and help to eliminate pain, reduce swelling, improve the folding system, increase blood flow, normalize blood flow and prevent the development of the negative consequences of the disease.

Surgical methods for exposure to expanded veins

The operation for varicose veins is only carried out in extreme cases if simultaneous complications are diagnosed with a deep lesion of veins.Indications for the appointment of surgical interventions are:

• Noticeable deterioration in pathology;
• Development of thrombophlebitis;
• Visible expansion of subcutaneous veins;
• Strong swelling and tiredness of the lower extremities;
• Pathological violation of reflux.

The operation under general anesthesia is carried out using modern surgical techniques, such asB.:

1. Radio frequency range of the blood vessels.Restoration of the structure of veins from inside with the disposable catheter and automatic generators of radio waves.
2. Endidous thermal occlusion with PayPules (SVS).The effects on the vessels of the abundant stream of heated steam.Allows you to penetrate the inaccessible areas of the venous channel and to influence the deformed vessels directly.
3. Laser coagulation of veins.It includes the use of a laser beam that is directed at a sick vein.The procedure leaves no cuts, burns and scars.
4. The technology that consists of gluing the flaps of blood vessels with a special biological glue.
5. Varadi method.The most complex treatment method in which the affected vessel was removed.Thanks to 100% of efficiency, it is one of the priority methods of neurosurgery.

Despite the high effectiveness of surgical treatment, it often takes place in combination with conservative therapy methods.With this approach you can accelerate the recovery process and secure the result safely.

Rehabilitation period

During the recovery phase and in the future, a competent rehabilitation program will help in the fight against varicose veins of the lower extremities, including regular drug therapy as well as compliance with the rules of a healthy lifestyle and the implementation of therapeutic gymnastics.

In addition to the sanatorium sports lessons, a patient with a diagnosis of varicose veins is independent of the stage of development and the rehabilitation period to improve blood circulation and prevent blood stagnation in veins, to wear correct medical underwear.

Preventive recommendations

In order to reduce the risk of developing venous pathology, it is sufficient to adhere to simple but effective tips:

• Try to lead an active pictureLive even with static work - move more, change your position regularly, take short breaks for gymnastics or calm.
• Do not throw a leg on the leg during the seat;
• Do not bring things together;
• Watch with high shoes or occasionally put it on;
• Treat chronic circulatory disorders, especially hemorrhoids;
• Choose bike hikes and swimming as sports hobby.
• During the rest, put your legs over the level of the heart;
• Review the power supply system and take useful products to nutrition.
• Control your weight and try to keep it in a constant size.
• Give up bad habits - smoking, alcohol, abuse of fat foods, etc.;
• Take a contrast shower;
• Use a large amount of liquid during the day - from 1.5 to 2 liters;
• Avoid long -term stay in the sun.

The use of these simple recommendations not only helps to develop the development of varicose veins and relieve unpleasant discomfort in the lower extremities, but also warns their appearance in the future.

Depending on the complexity of the diagnosis and therapy method, the treatment of varicose veins has a variety of checks.

"I came across varicose veins during pregnancy. I took nothing for birth. But after I had to take emergency measures.

"Thanks to the sport of varicose veins. The regular charges did not go unnoticed and buried into the progressive varicose veins of the left leg. The usual treatment did not have to help, I had to do the operation. I was terrible, but now I was glad that I had removed the sick vein with a laser. For 2 years I was calmly lived.